Free exercise is safeguarded when a religious person has the ability to participate in an election even when going to a polling place on election day would conflict with their beliefs (say, due to observance of a religious holiday.) Checkmarks below indicate the states that permit some alternative means of voting in these situations, through either statutory or constitutional safeguarding. A state that facilitates all-mail elections, does not require an excuse for absentee voting, or that requires a reason for absentee voting but accepts religious reasons upholds free exercise of religion in this domain.
Note on citations:
Where multiple laws are cited, the link is for the first listed. To find subsequent laws -or- in cases where a state's laws are not possible to link to directly, use the citation number to manually navigate to the statute of interest. For more precise information on citations as well as our reasoning behind each score, download the full data set which includes additional research notes.